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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(2): 182-193, abr. 2018. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959502

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El cáncer epitelial de ovario representa uno de los tumores ginecológicos más letales ya que más del 75% de las pacientes son diagnosticadas en estadío avanzado. Aún no se ha demostrado que la realización de pruebas y exámenes pélvicos rutinarios haya reducido la mortalidad, no existiendo actualmente, un cribado eficaz para su diagnóstico precoz. Aunque la sintomatología metastásica extraperitoneal más común es el derrame pleural, las linfadenopatías neoplásicas a nivel supraclavicular aparecen hasta en el 4% de casos, generalmente asociándose a un mal pronóstico. La identificación de una adenopatía supraclavicular se relaciona hasta en un 58-83% de los casos, con el hallazgo de una tumoración maligna. Por otro lado, la dermatomiositis del adulto puede tener un origen paraneoplásico en un 15-25% de las ocasiones, siendo el cáncer de mama y de ovario la etiología más frecuente en la población femenina. Las pacientes portadoras de mutaciones en los genes BRCA 1 y 2 tienen un aumento del riesgo de padecer neoplasias de mama y ovario. En aquellas afectas de un cáncer de ovario y portadoras de una mutación en los genes BRCA, no se debería plantear una cirugía profiláctica de rutina sobre la mama, al menos en los primeros 5 años tras el diagnóstico de la neoplasia ovárica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente portadora de una mutación germinal del gen BRCA 1, que debuta con un cáncer de ovario, tras el estudio de una adenopatía neoplásica de cuello, biopsiada en el contexto de un síndrome paraneoplásico cutáneo.


ABSTRACT Epithelial ovarian cancer represents one of the most lethal gynecological tumors, since more than 75% of affected women are diagnosed at an advanced stage. However, studies have not demonstrated yet that performing routine pelvic exams and tests had reduced mortality in ovarian cancer, and currently there is no effective screening for early diagnosis. The most common extraperitoneal metastatic symptomatology of ovarian cancer is pleural effusion, but there are other, like neoplastic lymphadenopathies at supraclavicular level, described in up to 4% of cases and generally related to a poor prognosis. The identification of a supraclavicular adenopathy is associated with the finding of a malignant tumor in 58-83% of the cases. On the other hand, adult dermatomyositis can have a paraneoplastic origin in 15-25% of patients, being breast and ovarian cancer the most frequent etiology in the female population. Patients with BRCA 1 and 2 genes mutations have an increased risk of breast and ovarian malignancies. In those affected by an ovarian cancer and carriers of a mutation in the BRCA genes, routine prophylactic surgery should not be considered on the breast, at least in the first 5 years after the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia. We present the case of a patient with a germinal mutation of the BRCA 1 gene, who debuts with an ovarian cancer, after the study of a neoplastic adenopathy of neck, biopsied in the context of a cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , BRCA1 Protein/genetics , Dermatomyositis/complications , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnostic imaging , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Risk Factors , Prophylactic Mastectomy , Mutation
2.
Clinics ; 73(supl.1): e450s, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952825

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer patients with homologous recombination deficiencies exhibit specific clinical behaviors, and improved responses to treatments, such as platinum-based chemotherapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, have been observed. Germline mutations in the BRCA 1/2 genes are the most well-known mechanisms of homologous recombination deficiency. However, other mechanisms, such as germline and somatic mutations in other homologous recombination genes and epigenetic modifications, have also been implicated in homologous recombination deficiency. The epidemiology and implications of these other mechanisms need to be better understood to improve the treatment strategies for these patients. Furthermore, an evaluation of various diagnostic tests to investigate homologous recombination deficiency is essential. Comprehension of the role of homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer also allows the development of therapeutic combinations that can improve the efficacy of treatment. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and management of homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Germ-Line Mutation , Homologous Recombination/genetics , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/therapeutic use , Sequence Analysis , Loss of Heterozygosity , Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors , Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/epidemiology
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(supl.1): 729-740, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902252

ABSTRACT

Introducción: actualmente en Cuba y en todo el mundo, el cáncer de ovario representa la octava causa más importante de neoplasias malignas en la mujer, pero es la cuarta causa relacionada con la mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar el comportamiento por tipos histológicos y por tratamientos del cáncer de ovario. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de pacientes con cáncer de ovario, atendidas en el Hospital "Ramón González Coro", La Habana. En el período comprendido entre enero de 2001 a julio de 2013. Las unidades de análisis fueron las historias clínicas de las 98 pacientes que se estudiaron. Resultados: se observó que 69,3 % tenían entre 31 y 60 años de edad. La edad promedio del grupo completo fue 48,2 años, la mitad de las pacientes no refirieron antecedentes patológicos. La paridad promedio fue 1,3. En 3,1 % tenían antecedentes de una neoplasia maligna confirmada y tratada, 14,3 % poseían antecedentes familiares maternos de neoplasia maligna; siendo el motivo de consulta más frecuente el "dolor en bajo vientre" (40,8 %). No hubo asociación significativa entre los estadios (FIGO) y el tipo de cáncer. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos se comportan, en general, de acuerdo a patrones epidemiológicos reportados internacionalmente, aunque la frecuencia de cáncer epitelial fue menor que la referida en la literatura consultada. La mayoría de los cánceres estudiados estaban en estadios I y III (AU).


Background: currently in Cuba and around the world, the ovarian cancer represents the eighth most important cause of malignant neoplasia in women, but it is the fourth cause related with mortality. Objective: identifying behavior by histological types and by ovarian cancer treatment. Materials and methods: a descriptive, retrospective study was carried out in patients with ovarian cancer attended in the Hospital "Ramón González Coro", Havana, in the period between January 2001 and July 2013. The analysis units were the clinical records of the 98 studied patients. Outcomes: it was observed that 69.3 % were aged 31-60 years. The average age of the entire group was 48.2 years; half of the patients did not refer pathological antecedents. The average parity was 1.3. 3.1 % had antecedents of confirmed and treated malignant neoplasia; 14.3 % had maternal antecedents of malignant neoplasia, being the most frequent motive of consultation "pain in the low womb" (40.8 %). There was not significant association between the stages (FIGO) and the cancer type. Conclusions: the obtained results behave, in general, according to the epidemiological patterns internationally reported, though the frequency of the epithelial cancer was lower than the one referred in the consulted literature. Most of the studied cancers were in stages I and III (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/epidemiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Biopsy/methods , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnosis , Gynecology/methods
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